Global Health Security: Security For Whom? Security From What?
Global Health
Security: Security For Whom? Security
From What?
Introduction
The World Health Organization (WHO)
projected in 2018 that illnesses linked to air pollution cause 6.2 million
deaths annually (Ravi et al., 2020). This highlights how crucial it is to address
global health security, a subject that begs the question, "Security for
whom?" Protection from what? (Rushton,2011). Proactive steps to prevent
infectious diseases, coordinated efforts to reduce environmental risks, and
support global population stability and health are all necessary for ensuring
global health security. Global health security refers to safeguarding people
and communities around the world against a range of health risks, such as
infectious illnesses, pandemics, and bioterrorism. The multifaceted character
of global health security is highlighted by Ravi et al. (2020), Kamradt-Scott
(2008), and Rushton (2011), underscoring its significance in preserving both
individual health and global stability. To maintain successful global health
security measures, it is important to create comprehensive plans and structures
for international collaboration.
Literature Review
Introduction
to Literature Review
Review of Literature
Reimagining Global Health Security: Exploring Perspectives
and Priorities
To critically analyze the
idea of global health security and shed light on its complex elements, Rushton
(2011) explores the subject of global health security, posing fundamental
issues concerning its advantages and hazards. The fact that it was published in
the Political Studies journal indicates that it was done in an academic
setting, more especially in the discipline of political studies. The
research was to identify the beneficiaries of global health security
measures and the specific threats that the field of global health is facing.
Using a qualitative methodology, the study probably included a thorough
examination of the literature, discourse analysis, and perhaps interviews or
case studies to investigate other viewpoints and clarify the nuances around the
idea. The researchers' results provide clarification on the complex
relationship between global health security and differences in vulnerabilities
and access between various groups and geographical areas. The work adds to a
deeper understanding of the difficulties and requirements in the field of
global health security by raising important topics and sparking intellectual
conversation, enhancing academic and policy discussions
Evaluating the Efficacy of the Global Health Security Index
In the same vein, Ravi et al. (2020)
studied the utility of the Global Health Security Index (GHSI) in
several global locales to determine how useful and applicable the
GHSI is for evaluating and improving global health security. With a mixed-method
approach that combined qualitative and quantitative analysis, the researchers
looked at how useful the GHSI was for assessing and addressing preparation and
response capabilities for international health security in various nations.
Although the study yielded valuable insights into a country's potential for
health security, it also revealed significant shortcomings in the GHSI,
including the requirement for more extensive indicators and contextual elements
to be taken into account. To adequately address changing global health threats
and guarantee fair health security results globally, the researchers stressed
the significance of continuously improving tools like the GHSI (Ravi et al.,
2020).
Managing Global Health Security: Unraveling Complexities and
Advancing Solutions
Contrasting other research, a study
on controlling the security of global health was carried out in 2010 at
Aberystwyth University by Kamradt-Scott (2010). The study sought to investigate
the intricacies involved in managing global health security, given the growing
recognition of the interdependence of health concerns worldwide and the
requirement for efficacious approaches to alleviate developing hazards. The
researcher investigated several facets of global healthcare security
management, such as institutional structures, international collaboration
processes, and policy frameworks, using a qualitative technique. The study
identified significant challenges to achieving global health security through a
thorough review of the literature and case studies. It emphasized the
significance of holistic strategies covering governance, equity investments,
and capacity-building alongside disease prevention and control measures. By
addressing these identified issues, the results offered scholars, practitioners,
and policymakers useful insights to improve global health security
programs (Kamradt-Scott, 2010).
Analysis
of Literature
In terms of methodology and
strategy, Rushton (2011) challenges the underlying presumptions and
consequences of global health security policies through critical analysis and
inquiry. Ravi et al. (2020), in contrast, do a value assessment of the global
health security index, using data review and quantitative analysis to ascertain
the index's importance and efficacy. As can be seen from her
Ph.D. dissertation, Kamradt-Scott (2008) uses a qualitative methodology to
examine the subtleties and complexity of managing global health security. She
does this by reviewing relevant literature and conducting expert
interviews, and case studies. Despite these methodological variations, the
three pieces provide significant contributions to the comprehension and progress
of global health security.
While Ravi et al. (2020) offer a
practical evaluation of the usefulness of a particular tool in this field,
Rushton (2011) provocatively questions the benefits and threats of global
health security measures, and Kamradt-Scott (2008) provides a thorough
examination of the difficulties and tactics involved in managing global health
security. When taken as a whole, these publications offer a comprehensive
viewpoint on global health security that emphasizes its importance,
complexity, and potential for change.
Discussion
Introduction
to Discussion
The main concern being addressed is
that global health security measures pose dangers and are associated with
uncertain beneficiaries. This investigation explores the intricacies of
protecting public health worldwide, challenging the intended targets of security
protocols and the types of threats that they are meant to counter. Through a
close examination of these core elements, the paper aims to clarify the
efficiency and fairness of current health security structures (Ravi et al.,
2020; Kamradt-Scott, 2008; Rushton, 2011). The impacted populations are
heterogeneous groups of people from all over the world, encompassing
geographical areas with different healthcare systems and degrees of crisis
susceptibility. This issue is worldwide in scope because health security
problems affect people on all continents and cut across geopolitical
boundaries.
Evidence-Based
Recommendations
Recommendations from Literature
Review
Ravi et al. (2020) stressed the significance of
improving nations' capacity and responses to health risks to improve
global health security readiness. They demand the Global Health Security Index
(GHSI) be improved and expanded to include more indicators, such as those that
deal with socioeconomic variables, political stability, and the resilience of
the health system. They propose using the GHSI as a vehicle for promoting
global cooperation and resource distribution to close current gaps in
global health security. This suggestion is in line with the literature's
general view that improving global health security requires a more inclusive
and holistic approach to evaluation (Ravi et al., 2020). In her doctoral
dissertation, Kamradt-Scott (2008) conducted a literature review and made
several proposals for improving global health security. She recommends
that strong institutional frameworks be established to enable coordinated
responses to health emergencies at both the national and international levels.
Strengthening international cooperation systems is crucial, according to
Kamradt-Scott (2008), to provide quick information exchange and resource
mobilization during outbreaks. To measures to prevent and manage disease,
she supports the creation of comprehensive policy frameworks that give equity,
governance, and capacity-building top priority. These suggestions highlight the
necessity of a comprehensive strategy for ensuring global health security that
takes into account the various requirements and difficulties that exist for
various populations and geographical areas (Kamradt-Scott, 2008). Rushton
(2011) emphasizes that to create more potent policies and interventions, it is
crucial to critically assess the advantages and risks associated with global
health security initiatives. Recommendations for a nuanced approach that
prioritizes equity, inclusivity, and preventative interventions against both
traditional and emergent health threats come from a thorough study of the
research. The body of research highlights the necessity of moving towards more
culturally aware and community-centered approaches that tackle the underlying
causes of health insecurity while also recognizing how interrelated global
health issues are. Policymakers can more effectively customize actions to
advance health security for all by taking a holistic approach that takes into
account the varied needs and vulnerabilities of distinct groups (Rushton,
2011).
Program Recommendation
The use of reliable indices, which include the Global Health
Security Index (GHSI), as recommended by Ravi et al. (2020) to evaluate and
enhance global health security capabilities, is based on the research. The GHSI
provides a thorough assessment of nations' readiness for medical emergencies,
assisting in the distribution of resources and the prioritization of
policies. According to Kamradt-Scott (2008), it is imperative to combine
disease preventive and control techniques with comprehensive strategies that
include equity, governance, and capacity-building. The evidence-based
methodology and ability to address systemic vulnerabilities in global health
security make these ideas worthy of consideration. The integration of GHSI
assessments into national health policy frameworks and the prioritization of
investments in workforce training, healthcare infrastructure, and community
participation are two ways that leaders can put these initiatives into
practice. These suggestions may have a major effect on the current issue of
global health security, improving preparedness and resilience against health
risks and eventually helping people all over the world. The Global Polio
Eradication Initiative (GPEI) is an exemplary organization that effectively
mitigates global health hazards by taking inspiration from past efforts.
Leaders may replicate GPEI's successful model of combating infectious illnesses
globally and work towards sustainable gains in global health security by
implementing similar comprehensive policies and utilizing data-driven
evaluations.
Conclusion
Addressing global health security necessitates comprehensive
measures to mitigate the staggering number of deaths caused by air pollution,
as highlighted by the World Health Organization's projections. To ensure
equitable protection, interventions must prioritize vulnerable populations and
implement sustainable policies aimed at reducing air pollution levels
worldwide. Comprehensive policies, such as preventive steps against infectious
diseases, coordinated efforts to reduce environmental risk, and support for the
stability and health of the world's people, must be put into place to protect
global health security. Governments, organizations, and communities throughout
the world must work together on these projects and remain committed over time.
Strong frameworks for international cooperation must be established to improve
global health security (Rushton, 2011; Kamradt-Scott, 2008; Ravi et al., 2020).
This means creating all-encompassing plans that tackle the complex aspects of
health hazards and guarantee efficient reactions to pandemics, infectious
illnesses, and possible bioterrorism hazards worldwide.
References
Kamradt-Scott, A. (2008). Managing
Global Health Security
(Doctoral dissertation, Aberystwyth University). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9248.2011.00926.x
Ravi, S. J., Warmbrod, K. L., Mullen, L., Meyer, D.,
Cameron, E., Bell, J., ... & Nuzzo, J. B.
(2020). The value proposition of the global health security index. BMJ Global Health, 5(10),
e003648. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003648
Rushton, S. (2011). Global health security: security
for whom? Security from what? Political Studies,
59(4), 779-796. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9248.2011.00919.x
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