Drunk And Drive Deaths In USA
Drunk And Drive
Deaths In USA
Introduction
Literature Review
Introduction
to Literature Review
Effect of
Passengers in Single-Vehicle Crashes Along with a Drunk Driver and How They
Affect Injury Severity in the U.S. (Adanu et al., 2020). Knowing that drunk
driving crashes bring great damage to social safety and that passengers might
play a role in the severity of injuries, it is essential to grasp this dynamic
for effective cures to develop to reduce America's death toll from drunk
driving. The literature review only consists of research articles that address
different aspects of the causes of alcohol-related fatality accidents in the
United States, concentrating in particular on single-vehicle crashes and the
role passengers play in causing them as well as severity analyses that
constitute both injuries. The factors contributing to the severity of injuries
in such crashes, and passenger involvement included driver impairment, vehicle
speed, and use of safety restraints. Two databases were used, ProQuest and
EBSCO Host, to find articles for the literature review of the death toll from
drunk driving in the United States. The search terms used to find relevant
literature inclusions included: drunk driving deaths, drunk driving fatalities
and single-vehicle crashes, passengers, injuries severity analysis, and the
USA.
Review
of Literature
Passenger Involvement in
Single-Vehicle Drunk-Driving Crashes: US Injury Severity Analysis
A study in
2020 that had been performed by Adanu et al. (2020), looked into drunk-driving
crashes in the USA. By examining the involvement of passengers in such crashes
that have been carried out before 2018, the researchers aim to provide insights
into the injury severity associated with these incidents, shedding light on a
significant aspect of road safety (Adanu et al., 2020). A comprehensive
analysis was conducted by the researchers. Using comprehensive data and
statistical methods, they sought to interpret, assess, and analyze how much
worse (or better off) passengers made injuries in single-car drunk driving
accidents when compared with those where it was just the driver driving drunk
by himself/herself even at once you have references for anything mentioned being
published research having reliable statistics to back up all claims made in
this work. The study was intended to clarify why drivers are injured more
seriously in a single-car drunk-driving crash if there are passengers. This
examination thus included looking from different points of view at vehicle
dynamics, crash conditions, and especially what happens when people inside one
car major crumple together. Using these underlying mechanisms, the authors
hoped to point out potential intervention opportunities for reducing the
severity of injury following a single-car drinking crash. Its findings
contribute to the existent literature on drunk-driving prevention and public
safety, however, only a few studies have addressed this issue. In the development
of targeted interventions and policies to solve this problem, we must
understand the roles that passengers play in single-vehicle drunk-driving
crashes. Death and injury resulting from drunk-driving crashes can be reduced
in the future by narrowing our attention to this particular phenomenon. Only in
this way will policies and strategies then become meaningful tools to safeguard
the public from harm. One potential limitation is the reliance on existing
crash data. The format may be biased or have some other limitations concerning
full coverage and accuracy. The study only targets single-vehicle motor
accidents that involve drunk drivers. This excludes the entire other side of
the Drunk-driving problem including multi-vehicle crashes and other factors. The
result might not apply to all geographical areas or demographic groups,
emphasizing the need for more study to verify and expand on these findings.
Impact of DUI Enforcement on
Alcohol-Related Crashes in the US
In the same
vein, Stringer (2018) presents a longitudinal study in the United States that
spans from 1985 to 2015. Alcohol-related crashes were investigated to assess
the impact of DUI enforcement measures over time. It looks at not only the
quantitative trends that go with DUI enforcement (effectiveness data) but also
what effect this has proven to produce in terms of alcohol-induced crashes. In
a long-term study, Stringer offers valuable insights into the growth of
policing strategies designed to confront the problem of drunk driving,
uncovering changes in enforcement practices and what that has meant for public
safety. Despite untiring analysis of figures on a national scale and below, the
author gives a many-sided picture of the results that enforcement strategies
for drunk driving can produce in terms of crash reduction. Stringer's (2018)
research is important because it helps explain the intricate dynamics that
underlie the problem of drunk driving in the US. The research sheds light on
the correlation between DUI enforcement and alcohol-related collisions over an
extended duration, offering significant empirical data to guide law enforcement
strategies and policy decisions targeted at addressing this enduring public
health concern. The author's longitudinal approach makes it possible to
identify temporal trends and patterns, which improves our understanding of the
efficacy of various tactics used to prevent drunk driving. It's crucial to
recognize Stringer's (2018) study's limitations, though. The longitudinal study
provides insightful information about long-term trends, it may not account for
contextual factors or short-term variations that could affect the patterns that
are detected. The utilization of aggregate data restricts the investigation of
individual-level factors and situations associated with alcohol-related
collisions. The study's focus is limited to the United States, which would
limit how broadly its conclusions can be applied to other regions with distinct
legal and sociocultural frameworks. Despite these drawbacks, Stringer's (2018)
work adds a great deal to the body of knowledge on DUI enforcement and how it
affects alcohol-related collisions. It also lays the groundwork for future
study and the creation of policy in this crucial area of public safety.
Extensive Analysis of Drug Abuse in
Driving Under the Influence (DUID) Cases: Global Trends and Implications
On the
other hand, Kwon et al. (2019) provide an extensive analysis of drug abuse in
cases of driving while under the influence (DUID) across Asia, the United
States, and Europe. The research looks at patterns and trends in drug use among
drivers engaged in DUID occurrences and emphasizes the rising incidence of DUID
incidents worldwide. The authors hope to shed insight on the complex nature of
drug-related impairment while driving and its consequences for forensic science
and public safety by examining recently reported cases. Finding the
drug classes that are frequently involved in DUID cases and evaluating their
effects on driving behavior and accident risk are two of the review's main
goals. Kwon et al. (2019) clarify the wide range of chemicals implicated, from
illegal narcotics like cannabis and cocaine to prescription pharmaceuticals
like benzodiazepines and opioids, by reviewing case reports and forensic
evidence. The authors enhance knowledge of the dangers of drug-impaired driving
by clarifying the pharmacological effects of these drugs and their propensity
to impair cognitive and motor abilities. The review examines the
sociodemographic traits of those implicated in DUID occurrences, looking at
things like gender, age, and socioeconomic level. The impact of these demographic
characteristics on drug usage patterns and the probability of being involved in
DUID cases is explained by Kwon et al. (2019). The assessment also looks at
enforcement policies and legal frameworks related to drug-impaired driving in
various countries, pointing out differences in the laws and difficulties in
identifying and prosecuting DUID offenses. Although the review provides
insightful information about the intricacies of drug abuse in DUID, it has
certain drawbacks. One drawback is the dependence on forensic and case reports,
which might not give an accurate picture of DUID trends because of
underreporting and regional differences in data-gathering methods. The review
mostly concentrates on cases that have been recently reported, thereby ignoring
longer-term patterns and earlier viewpoints on drug-impaired driving.
Notwithstanding these drawbacks, Kwon et al. (2019) give a useful summary of
the literature on DUID, with significant ramifications for public policy,
forensic science, and preventative initiatives aiming at lowering drug-related
harm on the roads. The review has limitations even if it provides insightful
information about the intricacies of drug misuse in the setting of DUID. One
drawback is the dependence on forensic and case reports, which might not give
an accurate picture of DUID trends because of underreporting and regional
differences in data-gathering methods. The review mostly concentrates on cases
that have been recently reported, thereby ignoring longer-term patterns and
earlier viewpoints on drug-impaired driving. These drawbacks, Kwon et al.
(2019) give a useful summary of the literature on DUID, with significant
ramifications for public policy, forensic science, and preventative initiatives
aiming at lowering drug-related harm on the roads.
Analysis
of Literature
Adanu
et al. (2020) concentrate on incidents of intoxicated driving involving single
vehicles, whereas Kwon et al. (2019) investigate incidents of drug-impaired
driving in Asia, the United States, and Europe. Stringer (2018) carries out a
longitudinal investigation on alcohol-related crashes and DUI enforcement in
the US. The research by Kwon et al. (2019) was published in 2019, whereas
the study by Adanu et al. (2020) was published in 2020. The study
conducted by Stringer (2018) covers the years 1985 to 2015 and provides a
long-term analysis of DUI enforcement and its effects on alcohol-related
crashes in the United States. To increase road safety, Adanu et al. (2020) plan
to examine the involvement of passengers in single-vehicle drunk driving
crashes and their influence on the severity of injuries. To identify patterns,
trends, and consequences for forensic science and public safety, Kwon et al.
(2019) evaluate drug misuse in DUID cases. Stringer (2018) looks into how well
DUI enforcement policies work overtime to combat the issue of drunk driving and
improve public safety. Adanu et al. (2020) examined the role of passengers in
single-vehicle drunk-driving crashes and the severity of injuries by gathering
information from crash reports, police records, and hospital records. Kwon et
al. (2019) examined forensic data and case reports to examine drug usage trends
in DUID cases. Stringer (2018) used data on DUI enforcement actions and
alcohol-related collision data to perform a longitudinal analysis. Adanu et al.
(2020) concentrate on the severity of injuries sustained in passenger-only
single-vehicle drunk driving accidents. In cases of DUID, Kwon et al. (2019)
look at drug misuse trends, effects on driving behavior, and sociodemographic
traits. Stringer (2018) examines the long-term effects of DUI enforcement on
crashes involving alcohol. In their investigations on impaired driving, Adanu
et al. (2020) and Kwon et al. (2019) concentrate on distinct substances
(alcohol versus drugs). Both Adanu et al. (2020) and Stringer (2018) look at
different facets of drunk driving; Adanu et al. concentrate on the severity of
injuries, while Stringer focuses on DUI enforcement strategies. Stringer (2018)
takes a longitudinal approach spanning three decades, in contrast to Adanu et
al. (2020) and Kwon et al. (2019), who concentrate on recent cases. Adanu et
al. (2020) and Kwon et al. (2019) stress the significance of their research for
public safety, whereas Stringer (2018) draws attention to the implications of
tactics used by law enforcement.
Discussion
Introduction
to Discussion
Drunk driving and driving while under the
influence of drugs are two major issues associated with impaired driving
(DUID). This includes actions that result in driving while under the influence
of drugs or alcohol, which raises the possibility of collisions, injuries, and
fatalities. Although drunk driving is a global issue, the roles that passengers
play in single-vehicle crashes involving drunk drivers affect the communities
and regions where these incidents occur differently in each of the three continents
(Adanu et al., 2020; Kwon et al., 2019;
Stringer, 2018). The prevalence of DUID cases in Asia, the USA, and
Europe is indicative of this. Along with the intoxicated drivers themselves,
other road users who can be involved in accidents brought on by intoxicated
driving are also impacted by this. The death of a loved one, injuries, and the
financial toll from drunk driving accidents affect families and communities.
When a drunk driver crashes into another car, for example, serious injuries are
sustained by both the occupants and bystanders. These kinds of accidents draw
attention to the immediate risks associated with drunk driving, but they also
emphasize the wider societal repercussions, such as fatalities, trauma, and
financial strain on communities and healthcare systems.
Evidence-Based
Recommendations
Recommendations from Literature
Review
Adanu et
al.'s (2020) investigation concentrated on injury severity analysis and
examined the involvement of passengers in single-vehicle drunk driving
accidents. It subtly emphasizes how critical focused interventions are in
addressing alcohol-impaired driving behaviors. Understanding the elements that
lead to drunk driving accidents—including the influence of passengers—allows
for the customization of treatments to target certain risk factors and
demographics, which lowers the frequency of these events and the deaths they
cause. Implementing targeted interventions to lower alcohol-impaired driving
behaviors among high-risk populations, such as young adults and people with a
history of alcohol misuse, is one way to address the issue of drunk driving
deaths in the United States. Adopt focused interventions to lessen driving
while intoxicated among high-risk groups, including young adults and those with
a history of alcohol abuse. These interventions could take the form of
educational plans, outreach programs for the community, and enforcement tactics
created especially to meet the particular requirements and difficulties faced
by these groups (Adanu et al., 2020). Stricter laws and enforcement strategies
that target drug-impaired driving must be put in place to address the issue of
drunk driving deaths in the United States. An extensive analysis of drug usage
in cases of driving while under the influence (DUID) across Asia, the USA, and
Europe highlights the necessity of taking preventative action to address the
growing issue of drug-impaired driving, which seriously jeopardizes public
safety on the roads. Establish more thorough drug testing procedures, such as
the use of roadside drug testing equipment that can identify a variety of
drugs, for drivers who are suspected of driving while under the influence. This
would make it possible for law enforcement to locate and apprehend drugged
drivers with accuracy. In the United States, the number of drunk driving deaths
can be decreased by implementing better drug testing standards as part of a
holistic plan to combat drug-impaired driving (Know, 2019). Implementing
stronger DUI enforcement tactics, such as heightened police presence and
sobriety checkpoints, is necessary to address drunk driving deaths in the
United States. In a long-term study of DUI enforcement and alcohol-related
collisions in the United States from 1985 to 2015, Stringer (2018) found that
proactive policing techniques like sobriety checkpoints and saturation patrols
were significantly linked to lower rates of alcohol-related collisions and
fatalities. In addition to discouraging drunk driving, these enforcement
actions made it easier to identify and apprehend drunk drivers before they
could endanger other road users. Aggressive DUI enforcement tactics, such as
sobriety checkpoints and saturation patrols, can lower the number of
alcohol-related collisions and fatalities. As part of comprehensive efforts to
fight drunk driving, legislators and law enforcement authorities should give
priority to implementing these measures. Authorities may discourage drunk
driving and increase road safety for all drivers by stepping up police presence
on the streets and holding frequent sobriety checkpoints (Stringer, 2018).
Provide funds to support the augmentation of DUI enforcement initiatives, such
as putting more law enforcement personnel on the road, holding frequent
sobriety checks, and putting tailored enforcement tactics into place in
high-risk regions. Promote the imposition of more severe sanctions for DUI offenders
to discourage intoxicated driving and improve adherence to traffic
regulations. Prioritizing and putting these suggestions into practice can
help to increase DUI enforcement and significantly lower the number of drunk
driving fatalities in the United States (Adanu et al., 2020;
Kwon et al., 2019; Stringer, 2018).
Program Recommendation
The
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration is one renowned agency that has
been actively attempting to reduce fatalities caused by drunk driving in the
United States (NHTSA). Several programs and efforts have been put in place by
the NHTSA to lower drunk driving and increase road safety. The "Drive
Sober or Get Pulled Over" campaign is one such initiative that aims to
discourage drunk driving by stepping up law enforcement presence on the
roadways during high-risk times, like weekends and holidays. State-led programs
like ignition interlock device programs, public awareness campaigns, and
sobriety checkpoints are supported by cash and resources provided by the NHTSA.
The problem of fatalities caused by intoxicated drivers can be addressed in
several ways. Increasing police patrols, holding sobriety checks, and putting
ignition interlock device programs in place for convicted DUI offenders are all
part of the plan. Campaigns for public awareness, like those done by the NHTSA,
are essential in informing people about the risks associated with intoxicated
driving and encouraging moderation in alcohol use.
Leaders
should work in conjunction with law enforcement, governmental, nonprofit, and
community groups to successfully implement these measures. The procurement of
equipment required for sobriety checkpoints and enforcement operations, as well
as the training of law enforcement personnel, should be prioritized by leaders
to support DUI enforcement efforts. Leaders should also fund extensive public
awareness programs that make use of a variety of media platforms to reach a
large audience and deliver powerful messages regarding the dangers of drunk
driving.
It is
anticipated that the adoption of these tactics will significantly lower the
number of fatalities caused by drunk driving in the United States. These
suggestions seek to prevent people from driving while intoxicated and promote
appropriate driving habits by stepping up DUI enforcement initiatives and
educating the public about the risks associated with intoxicated driving. These
tactics have also been effectively applied by agencies such as the NHTSA and
are backed by data from research studies, suggesting that they may be useful in
reducing the number of fatalities caused by drunk driving.
Conclusion
Prioritizing treatments that explore
the involvement of passengers in drunk driving events is necessary to address
the alarmingly high rate of drunk driving fatalities in the United States. Law
enforcement organizations and legislators can significantly lower the number of
drunk driving deaths and promote increased road safety for all by focusing on
comprehending and minimizing the effects of passenger involvement. These
revelations highlight the value of holistic approaches that take into
consideration the different factors at work in drunk driving accidents, opening
the door to more potent tactics to address this urgent public health issue
(Adanu et al., 2020; Kwon et al., 2019; Stringer, 2018). To combat the high
rate of alcohol-related driving fatalities in the US, focused treatments that
target passenger behavior in single-vehicle drunk driving events are required.
Interventions to lessen the severity of injuries incurred in single-vehicle
drunk driving events can be devised by comprehending and addressing this
dynamic, hence improving overall road safety. Passenger-focused policies, when
combined with driver-focused ones, have a great deal of potential to lower the
number of fatalities from drunk driving and encourage safer roads for everyone.
It is clear from the data released by the National Highway Safety
Administration (NHTSA) in 2020 (Adanu et al., 2020) that drunk driving is still
a problem for road safety in the US. Given that alcohol use accounts for a
startling percentage of all traffic deaths, this ubiquitous problem must be
addressed as soon as possible. The fight against drunk driving must continue
unwavering, involving all-encompassing tactics from public awareness campaigns
to strict enforcement actions. The country's only chance to buck this alarming
trend and create safer roads for everybody is to take coordinated action.
References
AbhayLidbe, Emmanuel Kofi Adanu, Tedla, E., & Jones, S. (2020). Role
of Passengers in
Single-Vehicle Drunk-Driving Crashes:
An Injury-Severity Analysis. Safety, 6(2), 30–
30. https://doi.org/10.3390/safety6020030
Nam ji Kwon, & Han, E. (2019). A review of drug abuse in recently
reported cases of driving
under the influence of drugs (DUID)
in Asia, USA, and Europe. Forensic Science
International, 302, 109854–109854. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.06.012
Stringer, R. J. (2018). Policing The Drunk Driving Problem: A
Longitudinal Examination of
DUI Enforcement and Alcohol-Related
Crashes in the U.S. (1985–2015). American
Journal of Criminal Justice, 44(3), 474–498. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12103-018-9464-4
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